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Bolton contested the 2019 general election in Folkestone and Hythe as an independent, after the Brexit Party decided not to contest the seat. He received 576 votes (1%).

Henry Bolton is the author of What a State! The book explores what Bolton sees as failures in modern British political leadership, the inadequacies of MPs and challenges of political leadership, Brexit, populism, identity politics, equal representation v equal opportunities and the institutional culture of the civil service. The preface is written by Lembit Öpik. On 22 September 2019, the electronic version of the book was listed as the No2 bestseller on amazon.co.uk in the subject area of political leadership.

He became UKIP leader after winning the party's 2017 leadership election, and gave himself the additional role of Defence spokesman in January 2018. Bolton was removed as party leader in February 2018, following his relationship with a party member, and an ensuing controversy caused over racist comments she had made to a friend about Prince Harry's fiancée, Meghan Markle. Bolton's departure triggered UKIP's fourth leadership election in eighteen months. He subsequently announced plans to establish a new political party, to be called OneNation, that would adopt a Eurosceptic stance like UKIP. The party, under the name Our Nation, was registered with the Electoral Commission on 31 October 2018.

In January 2018, it became known that Bolton had left his wife and embarked on a relationship with Jo Marney, a model and party member nearly 30 years his junior. As a consequence Bolton faced demands from members of UKIP that he stand down as leader. On 14 January it was reported that Marney had been suspended from UKIP following allegations that she had sent a series of SMS messages containing racist comments about Prince Harry's fiancée, Meghan Markle. Her comments also targeted immigrants and Grenfell Tower families. The following day, Bolton announced he had ended his relationship with Marney, but media subsequently reported that the two continued to be seen in each other's company. Responding to these reports, Bolton suggested that the controversy would "fade away".

On 19 January 2018, MEP Jonathan Arnott announced his resignation from UKIP. In his resignation letter, he stated that he had lost confidence in Bolton, who he felt was "not the right person for the job" – but thought no better of those "jockeying" for position in the party. On 21 January, the UKIP National Executive Committee (NEC) delivered a vote of no confidence in Bolton; only Bolton voted against the motion. Bolton had made it clear earlier that day that he would not resign if the vote went against him, because he felt another leadership election would destroy the party. Consequently, at the emergency meeting of UKIP's NEC, it was decided that party members would be balloted on whether Bolton should be removed from office, as the NEC does not itself have the power to dismiss the leader. On 22 January, Margot Parker resigned as deputy leader, claiming Bolton had left the party in "limbo". Immigration spokesman John Bickley, Trade and Industry spokesman William Dartmouth and other spokesmen resigned on the same day. At an extraordinary general meeting held in Birmingham on 17 February, 63% backed a motion of no confidence in Bolton, and he was removed as UKIP leader, a decision that triggered UKIP's fourth leadership election in eighteen months. Acting UKIP leader Gerard Batten subsequently suggested that Bolton had left the party.

On 22 February 2018, Bolton and Marney appeared as guests on an edition of the ITV daytime magazine programme This Morning where Bolton argued that Marney's Grenfell Tower comments had been taken out of context and that it was important to have a debate about illegal immigration.

On 6 March 2018, Bolton announced his intention to establish a new political party, OneNation, that would "campaign unceasingly for our full independence from the EU" and that would "mirror some of the changes that I sought to bring to UKIP". The registration application for OneNation was rejected by the Electoral Commission as "likely to mislead voters", its name being the same as an existing Islamic relief charity. Our Nation was registered with the Electoral Commission on 31 October 2018. Bolton was listed as leader, with Ben Glayzer as nominating officer and Hodgson Birkby as treasurer. The registered address is a suite in the Grand Hotel, Folkestone, where Bolton is a permanent resident. Party membership is £27.50 a year, or £750 for "John Bull membership" which includes drinks with the leader and a twice-yearly John Bull Newsletter. The party was de-registered on 4 November 2019.

Bolton was divorced from his third wife, the Russian-born Tatiana Smurova in 2018; with whom he has two children. In 2016, Smurova-Bolton gave birth to their second child on a train at St Pancras railway station. The couple separated at Christmas 2017. He also has a daughter, born in 1985, from his first marriage, to Danish national Karin Dohn.

Bolton became the Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) on 29 September 2017. He had previously been the party's candidate in the 2016 election for Kent Police and Crime Commissioner, finishing in second place to Conservative Party candidate Matthew Scott.

In July 2017, Bolton declared that he was standing in UKIP's forthcoming leadership election. He began as a relative unknown in a field of eleven candidates; however, his standing improved as other candidates withdrew, and he received the endorsements of four of the party's MEPs: James Carver, Jill Seymour, Mike Hookem and Ray Finch. The former UKIP leader Nigel Farage had acted as his political referee to stand for the leadership.

During the campaign Bolton challenged the decision to allow Anne Marie Waters to stand. He said that her candidacy was in violation of the party's rules of procedure as she was not considered to be 'in good standing' due to previous exclusions for elections. He withdrew the challenge when faced with the possibility that it could lead to counter-suits against the party. Subsequently, he was quoted by the press as saying that UKIP was in danger of becoming the "UK Nazi party" if the wrong candidate were elected as leader. Following his victory he stated that "Brexit is our core task" while separately declaring Islam a "concern", though he believed that an anti-Islam agenda would offer UKIP little gain. In recognition of his new role, in October 2017 he was placed at Number 86 in 'The Top 100 Most Influential People on the Right' by commentator Iain Dale.

Bolton began a relationship with Jo Marney after meeting her shortly before Christmas 2017, and spent Christmas with her after leaving his wife. He claimed to have ended the relationship with Marney after details of her SMS message comments, in which she made overtly racist comments against Meghan Markle, the fiancée of Prince Harry, came to light, though the two continued to see each other. Bolton said he had been unaware of Marney's comments. However, during their This Morning appearance following his resignation, Bolton and Marney confirmed their relationship had ended while he sought to keep his office, but that it had since been rekindled. Later, he admitted that the relationship had never actually ended.

Bolton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2013 New Year Honours "for services to international security and stabilisation" following his role as a Stabilisation Team Leader for the Provincial Reconstruction Team in Helmand Province, Afghanistan.

Bolton stood as the Liberal Democrat candidate at the 2005 general election for the seat of Runnymede and Weybridge in Surrey, but defected to UKIP in 2014, saying that he felt more comfortable in a party that said what it thought. In 2015, he stood as a UKIP candidate for Shepway District Council.

He left the Thames Valley Police in 1998 to take on overseas security and policing roles, including work for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in hostile environments, including Afghanistan.

While serving in the police, Bolton joined the part-time Territorial Army, and in 1992, gained a commission in its Wessex Regiment. Two years later, he was promoted to captain. Following the disbanding of the Wessex Regiment, Bolton served part-time in the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment and the Royal Rifle Volunteers, before leaving the Territorial Army in 2000.

Henry David Bolton OBE (born 2 March 1963) is a British politician who was the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 29 September 2017 to 17 February 2018. He is a former British Army lance corporal, Territorial Army officer and police officer who has worked in a number of roles related to border management strategies.

Bolton was born in Nairobi, British Kenya, on 2 March 1963. He served in the Royal Hussars from 1979 to 1990, rising to the rank of lance-corporal. After leaving the regular army in 1990, for eight years he was a police constable in the Thames Valley Police, during which time he received an award for outstanding bravery.